Types of Water Storage Tanks and What You Need to Know

Water storage tanks are categorised based on their installation location, which influences their design, functionality and suitability for different applications. Here are the three main types of water storage tanks:

Overhead Tanks

Overhead water tanks are elevated structures installed above ground level, usually on rooftops or specially constructed platforms. These tanks are designed to utilise gravity for water distribution. They are an efficient solution for residential and commercial buildings. Overhead tanks are typically made from materials like plastic, steel or concrete. Overhead tanks are ideal for storing potable water for daily use, including drinking, bathing and cooking. However, their installation requires careful consideration of structural load and wind resistance. They also need periodic maintenance to ensure cleanliness and structural integrity. For instance, Prince Pipes’ Storefit Water Tanks come with a 450 mm wide hole offering easy access for cleaning and easy installation.

Underground Tanks

Underground water tanks are buried below the surface. They offer a discreet and space-saving solution for large-scale water storage. These tanks are often used for rainwater harvesting, emergency water storage or as a backup supply for residential and industrial applications. Underground tanks can be made from materials like concrete, fiberglass or plastic. Their designs resist soil pressure and prevent water contamination. These tanks are less susceptible to temperature fluctuations and UV degradation, making them suitable for long-term storage. However, installing underground tanks requires significant excavation, waterproofing and maintenance to prevent leaks or contamination from groundwater. Additionally, they require pumps to extract the stored water, depending on the depth and intended use.

Water storage tanks are constructed from various materials. Below are the common types of water storage tanks categorised by material:

1.Plastic (Polyethylene) Tanks

Plastic tanks are primarily made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE). They are popular due to their lightweight, corrosion-resistant and cost-effective nature. These tanks are suitable for residential and small-scale water storage applications. Plastic tanks are easy to install, require minimal maintenance and can be manufactured in a wide range of shapes and sizes. Prince Pipes’ Storefit Water Tanks are UV-stabilised to resist sun damage which makes them suitable for outdoor.

2.Concrete Tanks

Concrete water storage tanks offer exceptional strength and a long lifespan. These tanks are typically used for large-scale storage, including municipal, industrial and agricultural applications. Concrete tanks can be constructed on-site or prefabricated depending on the project conditions. They are suitable for both above-ground and below-ground installations. While highly durable, concrete tanks require professional installation and are susceptible to cracking over time if not properly reinforced.

3.Steel Tanks

Steel tanks are valued for their strength and ability to withstand high pressures. They are manufactured using galvanised steel, which is coated with zinc to prevent rusting. Similarly, stainless steel is also used which offers superior corrosion resistance without additional coatings. Steel tanks are commonly used in industrial, commercial and agricultural settings. They can be installed above or below ground and are available in various designs including corrugated and bolted configurations.

4.Fiberglass Tanks

Fiberglass tanks are made from glass-reinforced plastic (GRP). This material offers a combination of strength, lightweight and corrosion resistance. These tanks are ideal for storing water in areas with corrosive soil or water conditions. Fiberglass tanks are also resistant to UV rays and are suitable for outdoor installations. They can be used for both above-ground and below-ground storage. The primary advantages of fiberglass tanks include their low maintenance requirements and long lifespan.